A New Acylated Flavonol Glycoside from Chenopodium foliosum

A new acylated flavonol glycoside, namely gomphrenol-3-O-(5'''-O-E-feruloyl)-β-D-apiofuranosyl(1→2)[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) was isolated from the aerial parts of Chenopodium foliosum Asch. The structure of 1 was determined by means of spectroscopic methods (1D and 2D NMR, UV, IR, and HRESIMS). Radical scavenging and antioxidant activities of 1 were established using DPPH and ABTS radicals, FRAP assay and inhibition of lipid peroxidation (LP) in linoleic acid system by the ferric thiocyanate method. Compound 1 showed low activity (DPPH and ABTS) or lack of activity (FRAP and LP). In combination with CCl4, 1 reduced the damage caused by the hepatotoxic agent and preserved cell viability and GSH level, decreased LDH leakage and reduced lipid damage. Effects were concentration dependent, most visible at the highest concentration (100 μg/mL), and similar to those of silymarin.